フナ属魚類には2倍体および3倍体,4倍体がみられる.3倍体のフナについてMishina et al. (2022)は新しい仮説を提唱した.日本において,3倍体のフナは日本系統の2倍体とユーラシア大陸系統の2倍体の交雑によって誕生した(ユーラシア大陸の3倍体は交雑起源ではない).対馬では現在も日本系統の2倍体とユーラシア大陸系統の2倍体が同所的にみられる(対馬・琉球列島以外で日本で散発的に見られるユーラシア大陸系統は人為的移入である).3倍体のフナは全国に分布を広げるが,その際,クローン生殖を行うほか各地で同所的に生息する2倍体と交雑することで遺伝的多様性を獲得した.3倍体のフナと2倍体のフナの交雑には4倍体のオスが関与している.4倍体は3倍体のメスの非還元卵(3n)と2倍体のオスの半数体精子(n)が受精して誕生する可能性がある.4倍体のオスが2倍体精子(2n)を生成する場合,2倍体のメスの半数体卵子(n)と受精し,3倍体個体が誕生する. フナ属の種分類について,本サイトでは暫定的にMishina et al. (2022)のSuperlineage BをCarassius buergeri,Superlineage CをC. auratusとしてみる.ギンブナは日本系統の3倍体・4倍体のみで交雑起源とみなしC. buergeri × C. auratusとする.さらに,NCBI(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)で公開されている塩基配列(cytochrome b遺伝子および調節領域(control region))をもとに,MEGA version 11 (Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. 2021)を用いてフナ属魚類の分子系統樹を作成した(図1).いずれの分子系統樹においてもフナ属には大きく分けて5系統が認められたため,本サイトでは遺伝的な情報が得られなかったC. praecipuusを含めてフナ属魚類を6種とした.C. buergeriの亜種分類は従来通り4亜種とするが,遺伝的な系統とは一致しない.C. auratusの亜種分類は2亜種とする.今後画期的な分類が出たら変更する.
図1 フナ属魚類の系統樹(クリックで詳細)
a) cytochrome b遺伝子 系統樹推定手法:最尤法 モデル:HKY+G+I Bootstrap分析回数:100
b) 調節領域 系統樹推定手法:最尤法 モデル:HKY+G+I Bootstrap分析回数:100
c) 調節領域 系統樹推定手法:非加重結合法 モデル:Tamura-Nei+G Bootstrap分析回数:1000
既往文献と本サイトの系統樹を比較すると,cytochrome b遺伝子の系統樹(図1a)ではC. auratus内に9つの系統が認められた.このうち,Vietnam "South"およびVietnam "North",Sublineage C1を合わせたものはHalas et al. (2018)において単系統となっているのに対し,本サイトではVietnam "South"およびVietnam "North"は姉妹群をなすが,Sublineage C1とは異なる系統となった.特殊な塩基配列として,「HQ689905」および「HQ689906」はC. carassiusおよびC. auratusの両方に,「HQ689910」はC. cuvieriおよびC. buergeriの両方に見られる配列である(Gao et al. 2012). 調節領域の系統樹では既往文献と異なる点が多い.Takada et al. (2010)はC. buergeri内に3系統(Clade I,II,III),C. auratus内に4系統(Clade IV,V,VI,VII)を認めたが,本サイトの最尤法で作成した系統樹(図1b)は同様とはならなかった.また,非加重結合法で作成した系統樹(図1c)では,C. buergeriについてはTakada et al. (2010)と同様の3系統が得られたが,C. auratusについては4系統に分かれたものの,各々の系統に含まれる塩基配列はTakada et al. (2010)とは異なる点が見られた. 表1にcytochrome b遺伝子の系統樹(図1a)で認められたC. buergeriおよびC. auratus,Carassius sp. Mのそれぞれの系統について分布をまとめた.
表1 フナ属魚類の系統と分布
種名
系統
2倍体
3倍体・4倍体(日本系統のみギンブナ)
備考
Carassius buergeri
B1
青森県,岩手県,茨城県,千葉県,新潟県,鳥取県(Takada et al. 2010; Mishina et al. 2021)
北海道,青森県,岩手県,秋田県,山形県,福島県,茨城県,千葉県,東京都,新潟県,長野県,静岡県,三重県,滋賀県,兵庫県,島根県,愛媛県,チェコ(移植),ギリシャ(移植)(Takada et al. 2010; Mishina et al. 2021)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage B1のほか,Takada et al. (2010)のClade I(cyt-b,CR,Con)はこの系統とみなした.Takada et al. (2010)は自然分布域を本州としている.
B2
山形県,鳥取県,山口県,高知県,福岡県,長崎県,熊本県,宮崎県,鹿児島県,対馬,福江島,徳之島(移植)(Takada et al. 2010; Mishina et al. 2021)
新潟県,静岡県,兵庫県,山口県,香川県,愛媛県,高知県,福岡県,長崎県,熊本県,宮崎県,鹿児島県,対馬,壱岐島,奄美大島(移植),沖縄島(移植),ギリシャ(移植)(Takada et al. 2010; Mishina et al. 2021)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage B2のほか,Takada et al. (2010)のClade II(cyt-b,CR,Con)はこの系統とみなした.Takada et al. (2010)は自然分布域を九州としている.
B3
北海道,青森県,秋田県,新潟県,富山県,石川県,福井県,長野県,岐阜県,静岡県,三重県,滋賀県,兵庫県,岡山県,徳島県,愛媛県,福岡県,宮崎県,種子島(移植),沖縄島(移植)(Takada et al. 2010; Mishina et al. 2021)
北海道,青森県,秋田県,山形県,茨城県,群馬県,新潟県,富山県,石川県,福井県,長野県,岐阜県,静岡県,三重県,滋賀県,兵庫県,和歌山県,鳥取県,岡山県,山口県,徳島県,香川県,愛媛県,高知県,福岡県,宮崎県,種子島(移植),喜界島(移植),沖縄島(移植),石垣島(移植)(Takada et al. 2010; Mishina et al. 2021; 中島ほか 2020)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage B3のほか,Takada et al. (2010)のClade III(cyt-b,CR,Con)はこの系統とみなした.Takada et al. (2010)は自然分布域を本州および四国としている.
B4
青森県,岩手県(Mishina et al. 2021)
秋田県(Mishina et al. 2021)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage B4である.調節領域の系統樹ではB3系統に内包された(図1b,c).自然分布の詳細は不明.
Carassius auratus
C1
海南島,中国(福建省,広東省)(Gao et al.; Mishina et al. 2021)
Halas et al. (2018)のCarassius cf. auratusである.Mishina et al. (2021)あるいはGao et al. (2012)ではSublineage C1に含まれる.
Vietnam "North"
中国(広西チワン族自治区,柳江),ベトナム(Rylková et al. 2018)
Rylková et al. (2018)のVietnam-"North"のほか,Halas et al. (2018)のCarassius sp. KR-2014aはこの系統とみなした.
Vietnam "South"
ベトナム(Rylková et al. 2018)
Rylková et al. (2018)のVietnam-"South"のほか,Halas et al. (2018)のCarassius sp. KR-2014dはこの系統とみなした.Mishina et al. (2021)あるいはGao et al. (2012)ではSublineage C1に含まれる.
C2
静岡県(移植),イタリア,イラン,ウクライナ,ウズベキスタン,エストニア,オーストリア,カザフスタン,ギリシャ,クロアチア,スロバキア,チェコ,中国,朝鮮半島,ドイツ,トルコ,フィンランド,フランス,ブルガリア,ポーランド,ボスニア・ヘルツェゴヴィナ,モンゴル,ルーマニア,ロシア(アムール川,プリモリエ,ヴォルガ川,サンクトペテルブルク,ルイビンスク貯水池,イワノフスク,Пуплово)(Takada et al. 2010; Gao et al. 2012; Kalous et al. 2012; Halas et al. 2018; Khosravi et al. 2020; Mishina et al. 2021)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage C2のほか,Takada et al. (2010)のClade V(cyt-b,CR,Con),Gao et al. (2012)のSublineage C2,Kalous et al. (2012)のCarassius gibelio I,Halas et al. (2018)のCarassius gibelio,Khosravi et al. (2020)のCarassius gibelioはこの系統とみなした.自然分布域はユーラシア大陸とされる(Takada et al. 2010).この系統はCarassius gibelioとして報告されることが多いことから,亜種小名gibelioを設定した.Carassius gibelioのネオタイプを含む(Kalous et al. 2012).
C3
沖縄島(移植),石垣島(移植),台湾,中国(貴州省)(Takada et al. 2010; Gao et al. 2012; Halas et al. 2018; Mishina et al. 2021)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage C3のほか,Takada et al. (2010)のClade VI(cyt-b,CR,Con),Gao et al. (2012)のSublineage C3,Halas et al. (2018)のCarassius auratus Clade Aはこの系統とみなした.Takada et al. (2010)は自然分布域を台湾としている.中国(貴州省)産については台湾のものと遺伝的に同一ではないことから自然分布とみなす.
C4
奄美大島,沖縄島,久米島,伊平屋島,伊是名島,座間味島,南大東島(移植),中国(安徽省,江西省,福建省,広東省,雲南省)(Takada et al. 2010; Gao et al. 2012; Halas et al. 2018; Mishina et al. 2021)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage C4のほか,Takada et al. (2010)のClade IV(cyt-b,CR,Con),Gao et al. (2012)のSublineage C4,Halas et al. (2018)のCarassius auratus Clade Bはこの系統とみなした.Takada et al. (2010)は自然分布域を琉球列島としている.中国産については琉球列島のものと遺伝的に同一ではないことから自然分布とみなす.
C5
中国(浙江省,安徽省,江西省,湖南省,湖北省,貴州省,四川省)(Gao et al. 2012)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage C5のほか,Gao et al. (2012)のSublineage C5はこの系統とみなした.
C6
北海道(移植),茨城県(移植),静岡県(移植),兵庫県(移植),香川県(移植),愛媛県(移植),福岡県(移植),壱岐島(移植),種子島(移植),喜界島(移植),沖縄島(移植),伊是名島(移植),渡嘉敷島(移植),石垣島(移植),アメリカ合衆国(移植),アルバニア(移植),ウズベキスタン(移植),オーストラリア(移植),カザフスタン(移植),カナダ(移植),ギリシャ(移植),スペイン(移植),チェコ(移植),中国,朝鮮半島,トルコ(移植),ポルトガル(移植),ロシア(アムール川)(Takada et al. 2010; Gao et al. 2012; Halas et al. 2018; 中島ほか 2020; Mishina et al. 2021)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage C6のほか,Takada et al. (2010)のClade VII(cyt-b,CR,Con),Gao et al. (2012)のSublineage C6,Halas et al. (2018)のCarassius auratus Clade Dはこの系統とみなした.Takada et al. (2010)は自然分布域を中国としている.ヨーロッパのものは移植とみなした.観賞用のキンギョはこの系統.
CTI
対馬(Mishina et al. 2021)
Mishina et al. (2021)のSublineage CTI.cytochrome b遺伝子の系統樹ではHalas et al. (2018)のCarassius sp. KR-2010aに内包された(図1a).
Carassius sp. M
カザフスタン,スウェーデン,モンゴル,ロシア(サハリン,カムチャツカ,プリモリエ)(Sakai et al. 2009; Wouters et al. 2012; Halas et al. 2018)
Halas et al. (2018)のCarassius cf. gibelioのほか,Kalous et al. (2012)のCarassius gibelio II,Podlesnykh et al. (2012)のClade IIIはこの系統とみなした.また,Sakai et al. (2009)のC. gibelio sub-sp. MとPodlesnykh et al. (2012)のclade IIIの調節領域はかなり近縁であることが系統樹で示されたため(図1b,c),これらはすべてCarassius sp. Mと判断した.
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?Carassius auratus
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Carassiu auratus
Rylková et al., 2010Rylková, K., Kalous, L., Šlechtová, V. & Bohlen, J. 2010. Many branches, one root: First evidence for a monophyly of the morphologically highly diverse goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture, 302: 36-41.
Carassius auratus
Murakami et al., 2001 (Cluster II)Murakami, M., Matsuba, C. & Fujitani, H. 2001. The maternal origins of the triploid ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfi): phylogenetic relationships within the C. auratus taxa by partial mitochondrial D-loop sequencing. Genes & Genetic Systems, 76: 25-32. DOI: doi.org/10.1266/ggs.76.25 URL; Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004Bogutskaya, N.G. & Naseka, A.M. 2004. Catalogue of Agnathans and Fishes of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Russia with comments on nomenclature and taxonomy. KMK Scientific Press Ltd., 389pp.; Kalous et al., 2007Kalous, L., Šlechtová jr, V., Bohlen, J., Petrtýl, M. & Švátora, M. 2007. First European record of Carassius langsdorfii from the Elbe basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 70(Supplement A): 132-138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01290.x URL; Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Cornol, xiii + 646pp.; Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL; Tang et al., 2010Tang, K.L., Agnew, M.K., Hirt, M.V., Sado, T., Schneider, L.M., Freyhof, J., Sulaiman, Z., Swartz, E., Vidthayanon, C., Miya, M., Saitoh, K., Simons, A.M., Wood, R.M. & Mayden, R.L. 2010. Systematics of the subfamily Danioninae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57: 189-214.; Kalous et al., 2012Kalous, L., Bohlen, J., Rylková, K. & Petrtýl, M. 2012. Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23(1): 11-18.; Kalous et al., 2013Kalous, L., Rylková, K., Bohlen, J., Šanda, R. & Petrtýl, M. 2013. New mtDNA data reveal a wide distribution of the Japanese ginbuna Carassius langsdorfii in Europe. Journal of Fish Biology, 82: 703-707. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03492.x URL; Kottelat, 2013Kottelat, M. 2013. The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia: A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 27: 1-663.; Rylková & Kalous, 2013Rylková, K. & Kalous, L. 2013. NEW FINDING OF NON-INDIGENOUS JAPANESE CYPRINID FISH IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. Scientia agriculturae bohemica, 44(2): 79-84. DOI: 10.7160/sab.2013.440202 URL; Yang et al., 2015Yang, L., Sado, T., Hirt, M.V., Pasco-Viel, E., Arunachalam, M., Li, J., Wang, X., Freyhof, J., Saitoh, K., Simons, A.M., Miya, M., He, S. & Mayden, R.L. 2015. Phylogeny and polyploidy: Resolving the classification of cyprinine fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 85: 97-116.; Tabata et al., 2016Tabata, R., Kakioka, R., Tominaga, K., Komiya, T. & Watanabe, K. 2016. Phylogeny and historical demography of endemic fishes in Lake Biwa: the ancient lake as a promoter of evolution and diversification of freshwater fishes in western Japan. Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2070 URL; Kottelat, 2017Kottelat, M. 2017. Carassius praecipuus, a dwarf new species of goldfi sh from the Mekong drainage in central Laos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 124(2): 323-329.; Halas et al., 2018 (Clade A, B, C, D)Halas, D., Lovejoy, N. & Mandrak, N.E. 2018. Undetected diversity of goldfish (Carassius spp.) in North America. Aquatic Invasions, 13(2): 211-219. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.03 URL; Rylková et al., 2018Rylková, K., Petrtýl, M., Bui, A.T. & Kalous, L. 2018. Just a Vietnamese goldfish or another Carassius? Validity of Carassius argenteaphthalmus Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2018: 1-9. DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12223 URL; Khosravi et al., 2020Khosravi, M., Abdoli, A., Ahmadzadeh, F., Saberi-Pirooz, R., Rylková, K. & Kiabi, B.H. 2020. Toward a preliminary assessment of the diversity and origin of Cyprinid fish genus Carassius in Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 36(4): 422-430. DOI: 10.1111/jai.14039 URL; 中島ほか, 2020中島 淳・大井和之・富 充弘・伊地知告. 2020. 鹿児島県奄美群島喜界島におけるギンブナとキンギョの採集記録. 伊豆沼・内沼研究報告, 14: 103-111. DOI: 10.20745/izu.14.0_103 URL
キンギョ
中島, 2013中島 淳. 2013. 筑前国続風土記において貝原益軒が記録した福岡県の淡水魚類. 伊豆沼・内沼研究報告, 7: 23-37. DOI: 10.20745/izu.7.0_23 URL; 冨澤ほか, 2015冨澤輝樹・木島 隆・二見邦彦・高橋清孝・岡本信明. 2015. ミトコンドリアDNAおよび核DNAの解析による魚取沼テツギョの起源. 魚類学雑誌, 62(1): 51-57. DOI: 10.11369/jji.62.51 URL; 嶋津, 2017嶋津信彦. 2017. 沖縄島の外来魚ガイド 第二版. しまづ外来魚研究所, 120pp.; Fujiwara & Motomura, 2020Fujiwara, K. & Motomura, H. 2020. An annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Kikai Island in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 259 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum, 14: 1-73.; 本村, 2020 (JAF list ver. 5, 6); 本村, 2021 (JAF list ver. 7 - 12); 本村, 2022 (JAF list ver. 13 - 18); 本村, 2023 (JAF list ver. 19 - 21)
Gao et al., 2012 (Sublineage C1, C3, C4, C5, C6)Gao, Y., Wang, S.-Y., Luo, J. Murphy, R.W., Du, R., Wu, S.-F., Zhu, C.-L., Poyarkov, A.D., Nguyen, S.N., Luan, P.-T. & Zhang, Y.-P. 2012. Quaternary palaeoenvironmental oscillations drove the evolution of the Eurasian Carassius auratus complex (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Journal of Biogeography, 39: 2264-2278. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02755.x URL
Carassius auratus cuvieri
Wouters et al., 2012 (China)Wouters, J., Janson, S., Lusková, V. & Olsén, K.H. 2012. Molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp Carassius carassius in Swedish waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 80: 2595-2604. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03312.x URL
Carassius auratus-complex
Takada et al., 2010 (Clade IV, VI, VII)Takada, M., Tachihara, K., Kon, T., Yamamoto, G., Iguchi, K., Miya, M. & Nishida, M. 2010. Biogeography and evolution of the Carassius auratus-complex in East Asia. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10: 7. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-7 URL; Mishina et al., 2021 (Sublineage C1, C3, C4, C5, C6, CTI)Mishina, T., Takeshima, H., Takada, M., Iguchi, K., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Kawahira-Miki, R., Hashiguchi, Y., Tabata, R., Sasaki, T., Nishida, M. & Watanabe, K. 2021. Interploidy gene flow involving the sexual‑asexual cycle facilitates the diversification of gynogenetic triploid Carassius fish. Scientific Reports, 11: 22485. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01754-w URL; Mishina et al., 2022 (Lineage C1, C3, C4, C5, C6)Mishina, T., Nomoto, K., Machida, Y. Hariu, T. & Watanabe, K. 2022. Origin of scarlet gynogenetic triploid Carassius fish: Implications for conservation of the sexual–gynogenetic complex. PLoS ONE, 17(10): e0276390. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276390 URL
Carassius cf. auratus
Halas et al., 2018Halas, D., Lovejoy, N. & Mandrak, N.E. 2018. Undetected diversity of goldfish (Carassius spp.) in North America. Aquatic Invasions, 13(2): 211-219. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.03 URL
Carassius gibelio sub-sp. A
Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL
Nakae et al., 2018Nakae, M., Motomura, H., Hagiwara, K., Senou, H., Koeda, K., Yoshida, T., Tashiro, S., Jeong, B., Hata, H., Fukui, Y., Fujiwara, K., Yamakawa, T., Aizawa, M., Shinohara, G. & Matsuura, K. 2018. An Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Amami-oshima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (52): 205-361.
Carassius sp. KR-2010a
Halas et al., 2018Halas, D., Lovejoy, N. & Mandrak, N.E. 2018. Undetected diversity of goldfish (Carassius spp.) in North America. Aquatic Invasions, 13(2): 211-219. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.03 URL
Carassius sp. KR-2014a
Halas et al., 2018Halas, D., Lovejoy, N. & Mandrak, N.E. 2018. Undetected diversity of goldfish (Carassius spp.) in North America. Aquatic Invasions, 13(2): 211-219. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.03 URL
Carassius sp. KR-2014d
Halas et al., 2018Halas, D., Lovejoy, N. & Mandrak, N.E. 2018. Undetected diversity of goldfish (Carassius spp.) in North America. Aquatic Invasions, 13(2): 211-219. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.03 URL
Carassius species complex
Liu et al., 2017 (Lineage A, D)Liu, X.-L., Li, X.-Y., Jiang, F.-F., Wang, Z.-W., Li, Z., Zhang, X.-J., Zhou, L. & Gui, J.-F. 2017. Numerous mitochondrial DNA haplotypes reveal multiple independent polyploidy origins of hexaploids in Carassius species complex. Ecology and Evolution, 7(24): 10604-10615. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3462 URL
Komiyama et al., 2009Komiyama, T., Kobayashi, H., Tateno, Y., Inoko, H., Gojobori, T. & Ikeo, K. 2009. An evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish. Gene, 430: 5-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.019 URL; Yamamoto et al., 2010Yamamoto, G., Takada, M., Iguchi, K. & Nishida, M. 2010. Genetic constitution and phylogenetic relationships of Japanese crucian carps (Carassius). Ichthyological Research, 57: 215-222. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-010-0152-8 URL; Zhang et al., 2016Zhang, C.-G., Zhao, Y.-H. et al. 2016. Species Diversity and Distribution of Inland Fishes in China. Science Press, viii+284pp.
Carassius auratus auratus
Luo et al., 2014 (Lineage C2)Luo, J., Gao, Y., Ma, W., Bi, X., Wang, S., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Chai, J., Du, R., Wu, S., Meyer, A., Zan, R., Xiao, H., Murphy, R.W. & Zhang, Y. 2014. Tempo and mode of recurrent polyploidization in the Carassius auratus species complex (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Heredity, 112: 415-427. DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.121 URL
Carassius auratus complex
Gao et al., 2012 (Sublineage C2)Gao, Y., Wang, S.-Y., Luo, J. Murphy, R.W., Du, R., Wu, S.-F., Zhu, C.-L., Poyarkov, A.D., Nguyen, S.N., Luan, P.-T. & Zhang, Y.-P. 2012. Quaternary palaeoenvironmental oscillations drove the evolution of the Eurasian Carassius auratus complex (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Journal of Biogeography, 39: 2264-2278. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02755.x URL
Carassius auratus gibelio II
Podlesnykh et al., 2012Podlesnykh, A.V., Apalikova, O.V. & Brykov, V.A. 2012. Phylogenetic Relationships of Silver Crucian Carp in Carassius auratus Complex Based on mtDNA Analysis. Russian Journal of Genetics, 48(12): 1207-1217. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795412120113 URL; Wouters et al., 2012Wouters, J., Janson, S., Lusková, V. & Olsén, K.H. 2012. Molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp Carassius carassius in Swedish waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 80: 2595-2604. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03312.x URL
Carassius auratus-complex
Takada et al., 2010 (Clade V)Takada, M., Tachihara, K., Kon, T., Yamamoto, G., Iguchi, K., Miya, M. & Nishida, M. 2010. Biogeography and evolution of the Carassius auratus-complex in East Asia. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10: 7. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-7 URL; Mishina et al., 2021 (Sublineage C2)Mishina, T., Takeshima, H., Takada, M., Iguchi, K., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Kawahira-Miki, R., Hashiguchi, Y., Tabata, R., Sasaki, T., Nishida, M. & Watanabe, K. 2021. Interploidy gene flow involving the sexual‑asexual cycle facilitates the diversification of gynogenetic triploid Carassius fish. Scientific Reports, 11: 22485. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01754-w URL; Mishina et al., 2022 (Lineage C2)Mishina, T., Nomoto, K., Machida, Y. Hariu, T. & Watanabe, K. 2022. Origin of scarlet gynogenetic triploid Carassius fish: Implications for conservation of the sexual–gynogenetic complex. PLoS ONE, 17(10): e0276390. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276390 URL
Carassius gibelio
Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004Bogutskaya, N.G. & Naseka, A.M. 2004. Catalogue of Agnathans and Fishes of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Russia with comments on nomenclature and taxonomy. KMK Scientific Press Ltd., 389pp.; Kalous et al., 2007Kalous, L., Šlechtová jr, V., Bohlen, J., Petrtýl, M. & Švátora, M. 2007. First European record of Carassius langsdorfii from the Elbe basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 70(Supplement A): 132-138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01290.x URL; Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Cornol, xiii + 646pp.; Rylková et al., 2010Rylková, K., Kalous, L., Šlechtová, V. & Bohlen, J. 2010. Many branches, one root: First evidence for a monophyly of the morphologically highly diverse goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture, 302: 36-41.; Kalous et al., 2013Kalous, L., Rylková, K., Bohlen, J., Šanda, R. & Petrtýl, M. 2013. New mtDNA data reveal a wide distribution of the Japanese ginbuna Carassius langsdorfii in Europe. Journal of Fish Biology, 82: 703-707. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03492.x URL; Rylková & Kalous, 2013Rylková, K. & Kalous, L. 2013. NEW FINDING OF NON-INDIGENOUS JAPANESE CYPRINID FISH IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. Scientia agriculturae bohemica, 44(2): 79-84. DOI: 10.7160/sab.2013.440202 URL; Romanov, 2014Romanov, V.I. 2014. PLACE OF ICHTHYOFAUNA OF RUSSIA IN THE SYSTEM OF WORLD FISH FAUNA. Tomsk State University, 408pp.; Yang et al., 2015Yang, L., Sado, T., Hirt, M.V., Pasco-Viel, E., Arunachalam, M., Li, J., Wang, X., Freyhof, J., Saitoh, K., Simons, A.M., Miya, M., He, S. & Mayden, R.L. 2015. Phylogeny and polyploidy: Resolving the classification of cyprinine fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 85: 97-116.; van der Laan, 2015van der Laan, R. 2015. Freshwater Fish List: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Eleventh edition. 910pp.; Dyldin & Orlov, 2016Dyldin, Y.V. & Orlov, A.M. 2016. Ichthyofauna of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Sakhalin Island: An Annotated List with Taxonomic Comments: 2. Cyprinidae-Salmonidae Families. Journal of Ichthyology, 56(5): 656-693.; Tabata et al., 2016Tabata, R., Kakioka, R., Tominaga, K., Komiya, T. & Watanabe, K. 2016. Phylogeny and historical demography of endemic fishes in Lake Biwa: the ancient lake as a promoter of evolution and diversification of freshwater fishes in western Japan. Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2070 URL; van der Laan, 2016van der Laan, R. 2016. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Seventeenth edition. 940pp.; van der Laan, 2017van der Laan, R. 2017. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twentieth edition. 975pp.; Dyldin et al., 2018Dyldin, Y.V., Orlov, A.M., Velikanov, A.Y., Makeev, S.S., Romanov, V.I. & Hanel, L. 2018. An Annotated List of the Marine and Brackish-Water Ichthyofauna of Aniva Bay (Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin Island): 1. Petromyzontidae−Agonidae Families. Journal of Ichthyology, 58(4): 473-501. DOI: 10.1134/S0032945218040033 URL; Halas et al., 2018Halas, D., Lovejoy, N. & Mandrak, N.E. 2018. Undetected diversity of goldfish (Carassius spp.) in North America. Aquatic Invasions, 13(2): 211-219. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.03 URL; Rylková et al., 2018Rylková, K., Petrtýl, M., Bui, A.T. & Kalous, L. 2018. Just a Vietnamese goldfish or another Carassius? Validity of Carassius argenteaphthalmus Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2018: 1-9. DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12223 URL; van der Laan, 2018van der Laan, R. 2018. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-fourth edition. 1006pp.; van der Laan, 2019van der Laan, R. 2019. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-sixth edition. 1072pp.; Khosravi et al., 2020Khosravi, M., Abdoli, A., Ahmadzadeh, F., Saberi-Pirooz, R., Rylková, K. & Kiabi, B.H. 2020. Toward a preliminary assessment of the diversity and origin of Cyprinid fish genus Carassius in Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 36(4): 422-430. DOI: 10.1111/jai.14039 URL; van der Laan, 2020van der Laan, R. 2020. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-eighth edition. 1088pp.; 中島ほか, 2020中島 淳・大井和之・富 充弘・伊地知告. 2020. 鹿児島県奄美群島喜界島におけるギンブナとキンギョの採集記録. 伊豆沼・内沼研究報告, 14: 103-111. DOI: 10.20745/izu.14.0_103 URL; Dyldin & Orlov, 2021Dyldin, Y.V. & Orlov, A.M. 2021. Annotated List of Ichthyofauna of Inland and Coastal Waters of Sakhalin Island. 1. Families Petromyzontidae—Salmonidae. Journal of Ichthyology, 61(1): 48-79. DOI: 10.1134/S0032945221010057 URL; Dyldin et al., 2021Dyldin, Y.V., Fricke, R., Hanel, L., Vorobiev, D.S., Interesova, E.A., Romanov, V.I. & Orlov, A.M. 2021. Freshwater and brackish water fishes of Sakhalin Island (Russia) in inland and coastal waters: an annotated checklist with taxonomic comments. Zootaxa, 5065(1): 1-92. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5065.1.1 URL; van der Laan, 2021van der Laan, R. 2021. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-first Edition. 1102pp.; van der Laan, 2022van der Laan, R. 2022. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-fourth Edition. 1120pp.; van der Laan, 2023van der Laan, R. 2023. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-seventh Edition. 1130pp.
Carassius gibelio I
Kalous et al., 2012Kalous, L., Bohlen, J., Rylková, K. & Petrtýl, M. 2012. Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23(1): 11-18.
Carassius gibelio gibelio
Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL
Carassius species complex
Liu et al., 2017 (Lineage C)Liu, X.-L., Li, X.-Y., Jiang, F.-F., Wang, Z.-W., Li, Z., Zhang, X.-J., Zhou, L. & Gui, J.-F. 2017. Numerous mitochondrial DNA haplotypes reveal multiple independent polyploidy origins of hexaploids in Carassius species complex. Ecology and Evolution, 7(24): 10604-10615. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3462 URL
Wouters et al., 2012Wouters, J., Janson, S., Lusková, V. & Olsén, K.H. 2012. Molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp Carassius carassius in Swedish waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 80: 2595-2604. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03312.x URL
van der Laan, 2015van der Laan, R. 2015. Freshwater Fish List: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Eleventh edition. 910pp.; van der Laan, 2016van der Laan, R. 2016. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Seventeenth edition. 940pp.; van der Laan, 2017van der Laan, R. 2017. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twentieth edition. 975pp.; van der Laan, 2018van der Laan, R. 2018. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-fourth edition. 1006pp.; van der Laan, 2019van der Laan, R. 2019. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-sixth edition. 1072pp.; van der Laan, 2020van der Laan, R. 2020. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-eighth edition. 1088pp.; van der Laan, 2021van der Laan, R. 2021. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-first Edition. 1102pp.; van der Laan, 2022van der Laan, R. 2022. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-fourth Edition. 1120pp.; van der Laan, 2023van der Laan, R. 2023. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-seventh Edition. 1130pp.
Carassius gibelio buergeri
Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL
Tabata et al., 2016Tabata, R., Kakioka, R., Tominaga, K., Komiya, T. & Watanabe, K. 2016. Phylogeny and historical demography of endemic fishes in Lake Biwa: the ancient lake as a promoter of evolution and diversification of freshwater fishes in western Japan. Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2070 URL; 中島ほか, 2020中島 淳・大井和之・富 充弘・伊地知告. 2020. 鹿児島県奄美群島喜界島におけるギンブナとキンギョの採集記録. 伊豆沼・内沼研究報告, 14: 103-111. DOI: 10.20745/izu.14.0_103 URL
van der Laan, 2015van der Laan, R. 2015. Freshwater Fish List: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Eleventh edition. 910pp.; van der Laan, 2016van der Laan, R. 2016. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Seventeenth edition. 940pp.; van der Laan, 2017van der Laan, R. 2017. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twentieth edition. 975pp.; van der Laan, 2018van der Laan, R. 2018. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-fourth edition. 1006pp.; van der Laan, 2019van der Laan, R. 2019. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-sixth edition. 1072pp.; van der Laan, 2020van der Laan, R. 2020. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-eighth edition. 1088pp.; van der Laan, 2021van der Laan, R. 2021. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-first Edition. 1102pp.; van der Laan, 2022van der Laan, R. 2022. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-fourth Edition. 1120pp.; van der Laan, 2023van der Laan, R. 2023. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-seventh Edition. 1130pp.
ニゴロブナ
中坊編, 2000中坊徹次(編). 2000. 日本産魚類検索 全種の同定 第二版. 東海大学出版会,lvi+1748pp.; Yamamoto et al., 2010Yamamoto, G., Takada, M., Iguchi, K. & Nishida, M. 2010. Genetic constitution and phylogenetic relationships of Japanese crucian carps (Carassius). Ichthyological Research, 57: 215-222. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-010-0152-8 URL; 環境省, 2015環境省. 2015. レッドデータブック2014 日本の絶滅のおそれのある野生生物 4 汽水・淡水魚類. ぎょうせい,xxx+414pp. Amazon
Carassius gibelio grandoculis
Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL
van der Laan, 2015van der Laan, R. 2015. Freshwater Fish List: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Eleventh edition. 910pp.; van der Laan, 2016van der Laan, R. 2016. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Seventeenth edition. 940pp.; van der Laan, 2017van der Laan, R. 2017. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twentieth edition. 975pp.; van der Laan, 2018van der Laan, R. 2018. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-fourth edition. 1006pp.; van der Laan, 2019van der Laan, R. 2019. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-sixth edition. 1072pp.; van der Laan, 2020van der Laan, R. 2020. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-eighth edition. 1088pp.; van der Laan, 2021van der Laan, R. 2021. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-first Edition. 1102pp.; van der Laan, 2022van der Laan, R. 2022. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-fourth Edition. 1120pp.; van der Laan, 2023van der Laan, R. 2023. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-seventh Edition. 1130pp.
Carassius auratus subsp. 1
ナガブナ
中坊編, 2000中坊徹次(編). 2000. 日本産魚類検索 全種の同定 第二版. 東海大学出版会,lvi+1748pp.; Yamamoto et al., 2010Yamamoto, G., Takada, M., Iguchi, K. & Nishida, M. 2010. Genetic constitution and phylogenetic relationships of Japanese crucian carps (Carassius). Ichthyological Research, 57: 215-222. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-010-0152-8 URL; 環境省, 2015環境省. 2015. レッドデータブック2014 日本の絶滅のおそれのある野生生物 4 汽水・淡水魚類. ぎょうせい,xxx+414pp. Amazon
Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL
Miyazaki et al., 2014Miyazaki, Y., Nakae, M. & Senou, H. 2014. Ichthyofauna of the Kubo, Tochikura, and Ichinono river systems (Kitakami River drainage, northern Japan), with a comparison of predicted and surveyed species richness. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2: DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1093 URL
Carassius auratus ssp. 2
van der Laan, 2015van der Laan, R. 2015. Freshwater Fish List: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Eleventh edition. 910pp.; van der Laan, 2016van der Laan, R. 2016. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Seventeenth edition. 940pp.; van der Laan, 2017van der Laan, R. 2017. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twentieth edition. 975pp.; van der Laan, 2018van der Laan, R. 2018. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-fourth edition. 1006pp.; van der Laan, 2019van der Laan, R. 2019. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-sixth edition. 1072pp.; van der Laan, 2020van der Laan, R. 2020. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-eighth edition. 1088pp.; van der Laan, 2021van der Laan, R. 2021. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-first Edition. 1102pp.; van der Laan, 2022van der Laan, R. 2022. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-fourth Edition. 1120pp.; van der Laan, 2023van der Laan, R. 2023. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-seventh Edition. 1130pp.
Carassius auratus subsp.
Komiyama et al., 2009Komiyama, T., Kobayashi, H., Tateno, Y., Inoko, H., Gojobori, T. & Ikeo, K. 2009. An evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish. Gene, 430: 5-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.019 URL
Carassius auratus subsp. 2
キンブナ
中坊編, 2000中坊徹次(編). 2000. 日本産魚類検索 全種の同定 第二版. 東海大学出版会,lvi+1748pp.; Yamamoto et al., 2010Yamamoto, G., Takada, M., Iguchi, K. & Nishida, M. 2010. Genetic constitution and phylogenetic relationships of Japanese crucian carps (Carassius). Ichthyological Research, 57: 215-222. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-010-0152-8 URL; 栃木県なかがわ水遊園, 2010栃木県なかがわ水遊園(監修). 2010. とちぎの魚図鑑. 下野新聞社, 167pp.; 金澤, 2014金澤 光. 2014. 埼玉県に生息する魚類の生息状況について. 埼玉県環境科学国際センター報, 14: 95-106.; 環境省, 2015環境省. 2015. レッドデータブック2014 日本の絶滅のおそれのある野生生物 4 汽水・淡水魚類. ぎょうせい,xxx+414pp. Amazon
Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL
エビスブナ(琵琶湖),カタイカリ(琵琶湖),カッタイブナ(滋賀県,透明鱗をもつもの),キブナ(栃木県),キンタロウ(栃木県),キンタロウブナ(栃木県),ギンブナ(千葉県,佐賀県,混称?),クロブナ(諏訪湖),コッパ(長野県),コブ(関東地方,8cm以下),ゴマカス(茨城県),ゴマブナ(東京都,胡麻鮒,皮膚に寄生した吸虫が被嚢を形成したもの),ザッコ(茨城県,群馬県,キンブナと混称),ジブナ(栃木県),テツギョ(鉄魚,交雑個体で尾びれが長く,鼻孔を仕切る鼻弁が長い),トチェプ(フナ類の総称,アイヌ語,「沼 魚」の意味),ドス(富山県,透明鱗のもの),ドブナ(富山県,透明鱗のもの),ドロブナ(長野県),ヒブナ(緋鮒,体色が橙赤色のもの),ヒラブナ(群馬県),ヒワラ(琵琶湖),フナ(山形県,茨城県,栃木県,徳島県,佐賀県,鮒,鯽魚,千葉県(混称?),奈良県(混称?),山口県(混称?),高知県(混称?),福岡県(混称?)),フナッコ(栃木県),フナメ(茨城県),フナンコ(山形県),ホンブナ(千葉県,佐賀県,混称?),マフナ(大分県,壱岐,タナゴ類をニガフナと呼ぶのに対して),マブ(関東地方),マブナ(山形県,関東地方,茨城県,栃木県,新潟県,佐賀県),マルブナ(栃木県,琵琶湖,二ゴロブナと混称),ヨメブナ(長野県),ランパラ(フナ類の総称,アイヌ語,「鱗 広い」の意味),地付鮒(東京都),濁り鮒(奈良県,梅雨のころ濁った河川でとれるもの,混称?),行基ブナ(兵庫県,透明鱗をもつもの),銀鮒(東京都),Ginbuna,Langsdorf-kroeskarper,Silver Japanese Crucian Carp,silver crucian carp
学名・和名の変遷β
学名
和名
出典
Carassius auratus langsdorfi
Wouters et al., 2012Wouters, J., Janson, S., Lusková, V. & Olsén, K.H. 2012. Molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp Carassius carassius in Swedish waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 80: 2595-2604. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03312.x URL
Komiyama et al., 2009Komiyama, T., Kobayashi, H., Tateno, Y., Inoko, H., Gojobori, T. & Ikeo, K. 2009. An evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish. Gene, 430: 5-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.019 URL
Mishina et al., 2022 (春採湖,網走川ヒブナ)Mishina, T., Nomoto, K., Machida, Y. Hariu, T. & Watanabe, K. 2022. Origin of scarlet gynogenetic triploid Carassius fish: Implications for conservation of the sexual–gynogenetic complex. PLoS ONE, 17(10): e0276390. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276390 URL
Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL
Carassius langsdorfii
Kalous et al., 2007Kalous, L., Šlechtová jr, V., Bohlen, J., Petrtýl, M. & Švátora, M. 2007. First European record of Carassius langsdorfii from the Elbe basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 70(Supplement A): 132-138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01290.x URL; Rylková et al., 2010Rylková, K., Kalous, L., Šlechtová, V. & Bohlen, J. 2010. Many branches, one root: First evidence for a monophyly of the morphologically highly diverse goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture, 302: 36-41.; Yang et al., 2015Yang, L., Sado, T., Hirt, M.V., Pasco-Viel, E., Arunachalam, M., Li, J., Wang, X., Freyhof, J., Saitoh, K., Simons, A.M., Miya, M., He, S. & Mayden, R.L. 2015. Phylogeny and polyploidy: Resolving the classification of cyprinine fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 85: 97-116.; van der Laan, 2015van der Laan, R. 2015. Freshwater Fish List: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Eleventh edition. 910pp.; van der Laan, 2016van der Laan, R. 2016. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Seventeenth edition. 940pp.; van der Laan, 2017van der Laan, R. 2017. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twentieth edition. 975pp.; van der Laan, 2018van der Laan, R. 2018. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-fourth edition. 1006pp.; van der Laan, 2019van der Laan, R. 2019. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-sixth edition. 1072pp.; van der Laan, 2020van der Laan, R. 2020. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-eighth edition. 1088pp.; 中島ほか, 2020中島 淳・大井和之・富 充弘・伊地知告. 2020. 鹿児島県奄美群島喜界島におけるギンブナとキンギョの採集記録. 伊豆沼・内沼研究報告, 14: 103-111. DOI: 10.20745/izu.14.0_103 URL; van der Laan, 2021van der Laan, R. 2021. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-first Edition. 1102pp.; van der Laan, 2022van der Laan, R. 2022. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-fourth Edition. 1120pp.; van der Laan, 2023van der Laan, R. 2023. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-seventh Edition. 1130pp.
Carassius sp.
ギンブナ
川那部ほか編, 2002川那部浩哉・水野信彦・細谷和海(編). 2002. 山渓カラー名鑑 日本の淡水魚 3版. 山と渓谷社,720pp. URL; 中坊編, 2013中坊徹次(編). 2013. 日本産魚類検索 全種の同定 第三版. 東海大学出版会,l+2430pp. URL; 吉郷, 2014吉郷英範. 2014. 琉球列島産陸水性魚類相および文献目録. Fauna Ryukyuana, 9: 1–153.; 田島, 2014田島正敏(監). 2014. 改訂版 佐賀県の淡水魚 人と川と自然を考える. 佐賀県立図書館,153pp. URL; 吉郷, 2015吉郷英範. 2015. 広島県の陸水産魚類. 比和科学博物館研究報告,56:91-181;10pls.; 細谷ほか, 2015細谷和海・内山りゅう・藤田朝彦・武内啓明・川瀬成吾. 2015. 山渓ハンディ図鑑15 日本の淡水魚. 山と渓谷社,528pp. Amazon; Koeda et al., 2016Koeda, K., Hibino, Y., Yoshida, T., Kimura, Y., Miki, R., Kunishima, T., Sasaki, D., Furukawa, T., Sakurai, M., Eguchi, K., Suzuki, H., Inaba, T., Uejo, T., Tanaka, S., Fujisawa, M., Wada, H. & Uchiyama, T. 2016. Annotated checklist of fishes of Yonaguni-jima island, the westernmost island in Japan. The Kagoshima University Museum, v+120pp.; Motomura & Harazaki, 2017Motomura, H. & Harazaki, S. 2017. Annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima island in the Osumi Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 129 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum, 9: 1-183.; 佐藤, 2017佐藤正康. 2017. 新河岸川水系の魚類相. 埼玉県立自然の博物館研究報告,11:65-72.; 中坊編, 2018中坊徹次(編). 2018. 小学館の図鑑Z 日本魚類館. 小学館,xvi+524pp. Amazon; 本村ほか編, 2018本村浩之・萩原清司・瀬能 宏・中江雅典(編). 2018. 奄美群島の魚類. 鹿児島大学総合研究博物館,横須賀市自然・人文博物館,神奈川県立生命の星・地球博物館,国立科学博物館,414pp.; 畑間ほか, 2018畑間俊弘・浜野龍夫・齋藤 稔. 2018. 山口県における淡水性魚類・十脚甲殻類の生物地理,水系,およびセグメントスケールでの分布パターン. 日本生物地理学会会報,72: 141-199.; 知来・斉藤, 2018知来 要・斉藤裕也. 2018. 埼玉の淡水魚図鑑. さわらび舎, 159pp.; 金川ほか, 2018金川直幸・森口宏明・北原佳郎・渋川浩一. 2018. 菊川水系感潮域の魚類相(予報). 東海自然誌, 11: 21-43.; 細谷ほか, 2019細谷和海・内山りゅう・藤田朝彦・武内啓明・川瀬成吾. 2019. 山渓ハンディ図鑑15 増補改訂 日本の淡水魚. 山と渓谷社, 560pp. Amazon; Fujiwara & Motomura, 2020Fujiwara, K. & Motomura, H. 2020. An annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Kikai Island in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 259 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum, 14: 1-73.; Motomura & Uehara, 2020Motomura, H. & Uehara, K. 2020. An annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Okinoerabu Island in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 361 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum, 12: 1-125.; 尼岡ほか, 2020尼岡邦夫・仲谷一宏・矢部 衞. 2020. 北海道の魚類 全種図鑑. 北海道新聞社, 590pp. Amazon; 本村, 2020 (JAF list ver. 1 - 6); 本村ほか, 2020本村浩之・山本智子・田金秀一郎(編). 2020. 鹿児島県北西部 不知火海にそそぐ 高尾野川河口周辺の生きものたち. 鹿児島大学総合研究博物館, 316pp.; 小関, 2021小関右介. 2021. 佐渡島の淡水魚類相:60年間の変遷の検証および最新魚種目録. 人間生活文化研究, 31: 62-67. DOI: 10.9748/hcs.2021.62 URL; 本村, 2021 (JAF list ver. 7 - 12); 金澤, 2021金澤 光. 2021. 埼玉県の魚類 見て,読んで,食べる87種の水族館. さきたま出版会, 216pp. Amazon; 山崎ほか, 2022 (茨城県)山崎和哉・外山太一郎・大森健策・金子誠也・諸澤崇裕・稲葉 修・増子勝男・萩原富司・荒山和則・加納光樹. 2022. 証拠標本・写真に基づく茨城県産淡水・汽水魚類目録の再検討. 茨城県自然博物館研究報告, 25: 79-94.; 本村, 2022 (JAF list ver. 13 - 18); 金子ほか, 2022金子誠也・山崎和哉・外山太一郎・大森健策・中嶌政明・加納光樹. 2022. 茨城県久慈川感潮域の魚類相. 茨城県自然博物館研究報告, 25: 27-40.; Motomura, 2023 (種子島)Motomura, H. 2023. An annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Tanega-shima and Mage-shima islands in the Osumi Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 536 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum, 20: 1-250.; 本村, 2023 (JAF list ver. 19 - 21)
Nakae et al., 2018Nakae, M., Motomura, H., Hagiwara, K., Senou, H., Koeda, K., Yoshida, T., Tashiro, S., Jeong, B., Hata, H., Fukui, Y., Fujiwara, K., Yamakawa, T., Aizawa, M., Shinohara, G. & Matsuura, K. 2018. An Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Amami-oshima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (52): 205-361.
Carassius spp.
ギンブナ and/or “フナ”
Mochida & Motomura, 2018Mochida, I. & Motomura, H. 2018. An annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Tokunoshima island in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 214 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum, 10: 1-80.
Kalous et al., 2007Kalous, L., Šlechtová jr, V., Bohlen, J., Petrtýl, M. & Švátora, M. 2007. First European record of Carassius langsdorfii from the Elbe basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 70(Supplement A): 132-138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01290.x URL; Sakai et al., 2009Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL; Rylková et al., 2010Rylková, K., Kalous, L., Šlechtová, V. & Bohlen, J. 2010. Many branches, one root: First evidence for a monophyly of the morphologically highly diverse goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture, 302: 36-41.; Takada et al., 2010Takada, M., Tachihara, K., Kon, T., Yamamoto, G., Iguchi, K., Miya, M. & Nishida, M. 2010. Biogeography and evolution of the Carassius auratus-complex in East Asia. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10: 7. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-7 URL; Kalous et al., 2012Kalous, L., Bohlen, J., Rylková, K. & Petrtýl, M. 2012. Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23(1): 11-18.; Podlesnykh et al., 2012Podlesnykh, A.V., Apalikova, O.V. & Brykov, V.A. 2012. Phylogenetic Relationships of Silver Crucian Carp in Carassius auratus Complex Based on mtDNA Analysis. Russian Journal of Genetics, 48(12): 1207-1217. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795412120113 URL; Kalous et al., 2013Kalous, L., Rylková, K., Bohlen, J., Šanda, R. & Petrtýl, M. 2013. New mtDNA data reveal a wide distribution of the Japanese ginbuna Carassius langsdorfii in Europe. Journal of Fish Biology, 82: 703-707. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03492.x URL; Rylková & Kalous, 2013Rylková, K. & Kalous, L. 2013. NEW FINDING OF NON-INDIGENOUS JAPANESE CYPRINID FISH IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. Scientia agriculturae bohemica, 44(2): 79-84. DOI: 10.7160/sab.2013.440202 URL; Miyazaki et al., 2014Miyazaki, Y., Nakae, M. & Senou, H. 2014. Ichthyofauna of the Kubo, Tochikura, and Ichinono river systems (Kitakami River drainage, northern Japan), with a comparison of predicted and surveyed species richness. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2: DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1093 URL; Yang et al., 2015Yang, L., Sado, T., Hirt, M.V., Pasco-Viel, E., Arunachalam, M., Li, J., Wang, X., Freyhof, J., Saitoh, K., Simons, A.M., Miya, M., He, S. & Mayden, R.L. 2015. Phylogeny and polyploidy: Resolving the classification of cyprinine fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 85: 97-116.; van der Laan, 2015van der Laan, R. 2015. Freshwater Fish List: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Eleventh edition. 910pp.; Tabata et al., 2016Tabata, R., Kakioka, R., Tominaga, K., Komiya, T. & Watanabe, K. 2016. Phylogeny and historical demography of endemic fishes in Lake Biwa: the ancient lake as a promoter of evolution and diversification of freshwater fishes in western Japan. Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2070 URL; van der Laan, 2016van der Laan, R. 2016. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Seventeenth edition. 940pp.; van der Laan, 2017van der Laan, R. 2017. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twentieth edition. 975pp.; Halas et al., 2018Halas, D., Lovejoy, N. & Mandrak, N.E. 2018. Undetected diversity of goldfish (Carassius spp.) in North America. Aquatic Invasions, 13(2): 211-219. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.03 URL; Rylková et al., 2018Rylková, K., Petrtýl, M., Bui, A.T. & Kalous, L. 2018. Just a Vietnamese goldfish or another Carassius? Validity of Carassius argenteaphthalmus Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2018: 1-9. DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12223 URL; van der Laan, 2018van der Laan, R. 2018. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-fourth edition. 1006pp.; van der Laan, 2019van der Laan, R. 2019. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-sixth edition. 1072pp.; Khosravi et al., 2020Khosravi, M., Abdoli, A., Ahmadzadeh, F., Saberi-Pirooz, R., Rylková, K. & Kiabi, B.H. 2020. Toward a preliminary assessment of the diversity and origin of Cyprinid fish genus Carassius in Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 36(4): 422-430. DOI: 10.1111/jai.14039 URL; van der Laan, 2020van der Laan, R. 2020. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Twenty-eighth edition. 1088pp.; 中島ほか, 2020中島 淳・大井和之・富 充弘・伊地知告. 2020. 鹿児島県奄美群島喜界島におけるギンブナとキンギョの採集記録. 伊豆沼・内沼研究報告, 14: 103-111. DOI: 10.20745/izu.14.0_103 URL; van der Laan, 2021van der Laan, R. 2021. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-first Edition. 1102pp.; van der Laan, 2022van der Laan, R. 2022. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-fourth Edition. 1120pp.; van der Laan, 2023van der Laan, R. 2023. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-seventh Edition. 1130pp.
Murakami et al., 2001 (Cluster I)Murakami, M., Matsuba, C. & Fujitani, H. 2001. The maternal origins of the triploid ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfi): phylogenetic relationships within the C. auratus taxa by partial mitochondrial D-loop sequencing. Genes & Genetic Systems, 76: 25-32. DOI: doi.org/10.1266/ggs.76.25 URL
Carassius auratus complex
Gao et al., 2012 (Sublineage A)Gao, Y., Wang, S.-Y., Luo, J. Murphy, R.W., Du, R., Wu, S.-F., Zhu, C.-L., Poyarkov, A.D., Nguyen, S.N., Luan, P.-T. & Zhang, Y.-P. 2012. Quaternary palaeoenvironmental oscillations drove the evolution of the Eurasian Carassius auratus complex (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Journal of Biogeography, 39: 2264-2278. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02755.x URL
Carassius auratus cuvieri
Komiyama et al., 2009Komiyama, T., Kobayashi, H., Tateno, Y., Inoko, H., Gojobori, T. & Ikeo, K. 2009. An evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish. Gene, 430: 5-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.019 URL; Wouters et al., 2012 (Japan)Wouters, J., Janson, S., Lusková, V. & Olsén, K.H. 2012. Molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp Carassius carassius in Swedish waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 80: 2595-2604. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03312.x URL; Luo et al., 2014Luo, J., Gao, Y., Ma, W., Bi, X., Wang, S., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Chai, J., Du, R., Wu, S., Meyer, A., Zan, R., Xiao, H., Murphy, R.W. & Zhang, Y. 2014. Tempo and mode of recurrent polyploidization in the Carassius auratus species complex (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Heredity, 112: 415-427. DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.121 URL
Gao, Y., Wang, S.-Y., Luo, J. Murphy, R.W., Du, R., Wu, S.-F., Zhu, C.-L., Poyarkov, A.D., Nguyen, S.N., Luan, P.-T. & Zhang, Y.-P. 2012. Quaternary palaeoenvironmental oscillations drove the evolution of the Eurasian Carassius auratus complex (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Journal of Biogeography, 39: 2264-2278. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02755.x URL
Halas, D., Lovejoy, N. & Mandrak, N.E. 2018. Undetected diversity of goldfish (Carassius spp.) in North America. Aquatic Invasions, 13(2): 211-219. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.03 URL
Jordan, D.S., Tanaka, S. & Snyder, J.O. 1913. A catalogue of the fishes of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University 33. Art. 1: 1-497.
Kalous, L., Šlechtová jr, V., Bohlen, J., Petrtýl, M. & Švátora, M. 2007. First European record of Carassius langsdorfii from the Elbe basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 70(Supplement A): 132-138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01290.x URL
Kalous, L., Bohlen, J., Rylková, K. & Petrtýl, M. 2012. Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23(1): 11-18.
Kalous, L., Rylková, K., Bohlen, J., Šanda, R. & Petrtýl, M. 2013. New mtDNA data reveal a wide distribution of the Japanese ginbuna Carassius langsdorfii in Europe. Journal of Fish Biology, 82: 703-707. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03492.x URL
Khosravi, M., Abdoli, A., Ahmadzadeh, F., Saberi-Pirooz, R., Rylková, K. & Kiabi, B.H. 2020. Toward a preliminary assessment of the diversity and origin of Cyprinid fish genus Carassius in Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 36(4): 422-430. DOI: 10.1111/jai.14039 URL
Komiyama, T., Kobayashi, H., Tateno, Y., Inoko, H., Gojobori, T. & Ikeo, K. 2009. An evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish. Gene, 430: 5-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.019 URL
Kottelat, M. 2013. The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia: A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 27: 1-663.
Kottelat, M. 2017. Carassius praecipuus, a dwarf new species of goldfi sh from the Mekong drainage in central Laos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 124(2): 323-329.
van der Laan, R. 2023. FRESHWATER FISH LIST: an alphabetic scientific name list of the world’s freshwater fishes and an overview of the scientific names used in the aquarium literature. Thirty-seventh Edition. 1130pp.
Liu, X.-L., Li, X.-Y., Jiang, F.-F., Wang, Z.-W., Li, Z., Zhang, X.-J., Zhou, L. & Gui, J.-F. 2017. Numerous mitochondrial DNA haplotypes reveal multiple independent polyploidy origins of hexaploids in Carassius species complex. Ecology and Evolution, 7(24): 10604-10615. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3462 URL
Luo, J., Gao, Y., Ma, W., Bi, X., Wang, S., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Chai, J., Du, R., Wu, S., Meyer, A., Zan, R., Xiao, H., Murphy, R.W. & Zhang, Y. 2014. Tempo and mode of recurrent polyploidization in the Carassius auratus species complex (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Heredity, 112: 415-427. DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.121 URL
Mishina, T., Takeshima, H., Takada, M., Iguchi, K., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Kawahira-Miki, R., Hashiguchi, Y., Tabata, R., Sasaki, T., Nishida, M. & Watanabe, K. 2021. Interploidy gene flow involving the sexual‑asexual cycle facilitates the diversification of gynogenetic triploid Carassius fish. Scientific Reports, 11: 22485. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01754-w URL
Mishina, T., Nomoto, K., Machida, Y. Hariu, T. & Watanabe, K. 2022. Origin of scarlet gynogenetic triploid Carassius fish: Implications for conservation of the sexual–gynogenetic complex. PLoS ONE, 17(10): e0276390. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276390 URL
Murakami, M., Matsuba, C. & Fujitani, H. 2001. The maternal origins of the triploid ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfi): phylogenetic relationships within the C. auratus taxa by partial mitochondrial D-loop sequencing. Genes & Genetic Systems, 76: 25-32. DOI: doi.org/10.1266/ggs.76.25 URL
Podlesnykh, A.V., Apalikova, O.V. & Brykov, V.A. 2012. Phylogenetic Relationships of Silver Crucian Carp in Carassius auratus Complex Based on mtDNA Analysis. Russian Journal of Genetics, 48(12): 1207-1217. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795412120113 URL
Romanov, V.I. 2014. PLACE OF ICHTHYOFAUNA OF RUSSIA IN THE SYSTEM OF WORLD FISH FAUNA. Tomsk State University, 408pp.
Rylková, K. & Kalous, L. 2013. NEW FINDING OF NON-INDIGENOUS JAPANESE CYPRINID FISH IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. Scientia agriculturae bohemica, 44(2): 79-84. DOI: 10.7160/sab.2013.440202 URL
Rylková, K., Kalous, L., Šlechtová, V. & Bohlen, J. 2010. Many branches, one root: First evidence for a monophyly of the morphologically highly diverse goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture, 302: 36-41.
Rylková, K., Petrtýl, M., Bui, A.T. & Kalous, L. 2018. Just a Vietnamese goldfish or another Carassius? Validity of Carassius argenteaphthalmus Nguyen & Ngo, 2001 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2018: 1-9. DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12223 URL
Sakai, H., Iguchi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. 2009. Morphological and mtDNA sequence studies on three crucian carps (Carassius: Cyprinidae) including a new stock from the Ob River system, Kazakhstan. Journal of Fish Biology, 74: 1756-1773. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02203.x URL
佐藤光雄. 1967. 青森県動物誌. 東奥日報社, 359+13pp.
関谷伸一・本間義治. 1975. 新潟地方に産するテツギョの形態と倍数体. Proc. Jap. Soc. Syst. Zool., 11: 53-60.
Takada, M., Tachihara, K., Kon, T., Yamamoto, G., Iguchi, K., Miya, M. & Nishida, M. 2010. Biogeography and evolution of the Carassius auratus-complex in East Asia. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10: 7. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-7 URL
Wouters, J., Janson, S., Lusková, V. & Olsén, K.H. 2012. Molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp Carassius carassius in Swedish waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 80: 2595-2604. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03312.x URL
Yamamoto, G., Takada, M., Iguchi, K. & Nishida, M. 2010. Genetic constitution and phylogenetic relationships of Japanese crucian carps (Carassius). Ichthyological Research, 57: 215-222. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-010-0152-8 URL